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Correlational research primarily relies on survey responses from participants for data collection because it aims to identify and analyze the relationships between different variables. Surveys allow researchers to gather self-reported data on attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and other characteristics from a large number of individuals, facilitating the exploration of correlations without manipulating the variables. This method is particularly useful for understanding how various factors are related in natural settings.

While other methods like experiments or observational studies may involve gathering data, they often aim to establish causality rather than just correlation. In correlational research, the focus is on measuring how closely two or more variables are associated, which is commonly achieved through surveys. Statistical data analysis, although integral to the interpretation of results in correlational studies, is not the primary method of data collection itself. Thus, the use of survey responses is a central component of correlational research methodology.